腹壁可触及肿物的超声辨识（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他病变.. Urachal Cyst 凹尿管病变A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )凹尿管病变散见于凹和膀胱之间，有时候地三处凹尿管的下1/3 ，但也可散见于仅地三处凹下。这些病变可显出为全然无水声或低水声。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 上图11A，凹尿管病变，此病变已受细菌感染，核心含有微弱水声的液态。B，凹尿管病变，紧绷的病变前壁导致反射伪影。

..Endometriosis胎盘子宫甲状腺Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).浸润胎盘子宫甲状腺是胎盘做移植手术的长期合并症，无特殊显出，但可于以前移植手术的瘢痕三处见一局部肿物，并有不稳定的的呕吐和肿胀。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 上图12 ，剖宫产伤疤三处胎盘子宫甲状腺

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 浸润血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).腹直肌鞘血肿可发生于发作性咳嗽后、喷嚏或癫痫发作后，其根本原因有时候是抗凝治疗或肺水肿疾病。由于血肿上限于腹直肌鞘内，有时候不太大，其轮廓根据所三处位置而定，在弓状两条路线以上，血肿常为对生，长轴长方形上下方向，可于一侧从未见过（上图13A）；在弓状两条路线以下，由于腹白两条路线缺如，可扩大横过中两条路线，因此血肿显出为分叶状，其最大间距地三处横轴上。在男婴浸润血肿可散见于凹上横向扩大（上图13B、C）。术后致密性血管内炎症的病人可于浸润移植手术瘢痕附近从未见过大的血肿（上图13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 上图13A，一中年妇女剧烈咳嗽后腹直肌鞘血肿，箭头请示腹横筋膜。B，男婴浸润血肿。C，一男婴凹肾脏附着三处上面的浸润血肿。UV，凹肾脏。D，一致密性血管内炎症的剖宫产术后病人疤痕三处浸润血肿。

分页: [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] 主编： 张靖